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Jun 18

Earlier this year I wrote an article inspired by Eric Meyer's on CSS Diagnostics: Selecting Deprecated Elements With CSS. The article was a smash, and I my site traffic has gone up like crazy ever since. I was unaware that this niche in the standards community would be so popular. Unfortunately I did not put as much thought into my initial diagnostics other than just trying to improve on Eric's code. Enter part 2.

My IE Has Bugs!

After applying my original diagnostics code to several projects (at work, and on my recent site re-design) I realized that Internet Explorer wasn't quite getting it right. In fact sometimes, IE was selecting incorrect elements. What came from this was I needed to be more careful in the selectors I used and that using the "*" selector resulted in some weird things in IE. What also came from that was a bug in IE that selects the IMG tag when the selector calls for the proprietary IMAGE element.

I decided to go out to the HTML 4.01 specification and find exactly what attributes and elements are deprecated and which aren't. That way I could create a more authentic version of the diagnostics tool rather than just adding my personal opinion on what ought to be deprecated and what shouldn't. This resulted in CSS Diagnostics 2.0.

Diagnostics Gone Famous

For my second rendition of the project, I decided that I should create a Google Code Project and host my diagnostics there. I'm not completely sure if that is a good or bad thing to do. My goals are to keep traffic coming to my own site and not Google's but perhaps the two can live together. I also learned that you can embed the Google Analytics tracking code directly into the Google Code web page thus allowing me to track traffic to that area. This makes me care less about traffic going there because if I can use GA, then I can fell like I actually own those pages.

On to the code:

1. Highlight Empty Attributes

   I chose some common attributes that people may forget to fill in. Feel free to remove the href="#". I like to use this one because while developing a website, I forget to change # links to their proper pages and this helps me catch them in the copy.

   img[alt=""], area[alt=""], *[class=""], a[href=""], a[href="#"], *[id=""], *[title=""] { border: 5px dotted yellow !important; }

2. Highlight Proposed Deprecated Attributes

   These are a list of attributes that aren't formally deprecated but I personally believe should be. Generally this is because there is a better alternative such as CSS or using IDs on elements rather than NAME.

   body[background], table[background], td[background], th[background], input[border], table[border], table[cellpadding], table[cellspacing], object[codebase], img[height], object[height], table[height], a[name], form[name], img[name], object[name], a[target], area[target], td[valign], th[valign], img[width], object[width], table[width] { border: 5px dotted orange !important; }

3. Highlight Deprecated Attributes

   These attributes are officially deprecated by the W3C per the HTML 4.01 specification. If you are using the TRANSITIONAL DTD CSS Diagnostics is a great way to move your code to STRICT. It should also be noted that these should appear AFTER empty, and proposed deprecated elements due to specificity in CSS.

   applet[align], caption[align], div[align], h1[align], h2[align], h3[align], h4[align], h5[align], h6[align], hr[align], iframe[align], img[align], input[align], legend[align], object[align], p[align], table[align], body[alink], applet[alt], applet[archive], body[background], body[bgcolor], td[bgcolor], tr[bgcolor], table[bgcolor], img[border], object[border], br[clear], applet[code], applet[codebase], basefont[color], font[color], dir[compact], dl[compact], menu[compact], ol[compact], ul[compact], basefont[face], font[face], applet[height], td[height], th[height], applet[hspace], img[hspace], object[hspace], script[language], body[link], applet[name], hr[noshade], td[nowrap], th[nowrap], applet[object], isindex[prompt], hr[size], font[size], basefont[size], ol[start], body[text], li[type], ol[type], ul[type], html[version], body[vlink], li[value], applet[vspace], img[vspace], object[vspace], hr[width], td[width], th[width], applet[width], pre[width] { border: 5px dotted red !important; }

4. Highlight Non-W3C Proprietary HTML Attributes

   These are a list of proprietary HTML attributes. Using these in your code is more offensive than using a deprecated attribute, since these were never warrented by the W3C. Use of these attributes should be avoided at all costs.

   body[bgproperties], *[bordercolor], *[bordercolordark], *[bordercolorlight], body[topmargin], body[rightmargin], body[bottommargin], body[leftmargin], table[frame] { border: 5px dotted magenta !important; }

5. Highlight Empty Elements

   These selectors will highlight empty elements within your markup. I've commented out a few selectors that I found didn't jive with my personal website but feel free to de-comment these and use them on your website.

   /*span:empty,*/ /*div:empty,*/ li:empty, /*p:empty,*/ td:empty, th:empty { border: 5px solid yellow !important; }

6. Highlight Proposed Deprecated Elements

   Here is a list of elements I feel should be deprecated. INPUT Types should be deprecated because the BUTTON element is a much better choice and allows for easier selection of all website BUTTONs especially in IE6.

   input[type="button"], input[type="reset"], input[type="submit"], tt, big, small { border: 5px solid orange !important; }

7. Highlight Deprecated Elements

   These elements are formally deprecated in the HTML 4.01 STRICT specification.

   applet, basefont, center, dir, font, isindex, menu, s, strike, u, listing, plaintext, xmp { border: 5px solid red !important; }

8. Highlight Non-W3C Proprietary HTML Elements

   All of these elements are proprietary, meaning they are not part of the W3C spec and never have been. They include some of the more infamous elements such as the MARQUEE and the BLINK tags. I've commented out the IMAGE selector because IE7 and under will select the IMG tag as well, so use at your own risk.

   audioscope, bgsound, blink, bq, comment, embed, fn, ilayer, /*image,*/ keygen, layer, limittext, marquee, multicol, nobr, noembed, nolayer, nosmartquotes, rt, ruby, server, sidebar, spacer, wbr, xml, blackface, shadow { border: 5px solid magenta !important }

9. Highlight XHTML 1.0 Strict Deprecated Attributes

   Since many people use XHTML I read the XHTML spec and threw in a few deprecated attributes specific to XHTML.

   a[name], applet[name], form[name], frame[name], iframe[name], img[name], map[name] { border: 5px dotted lime !important }

10. Highlight XHTML 1.0 Strict Prohibitions

    There are also prohibitions in XHTML, essentially elements that cannot appear nested inside other elements.

    a > a, pre > img, pre > object, pre > big, pre > small, pre > sub, pre > sup, button > input, button > select, button > textarea, button > label, button > button, button > form, button > fieldset, button > iframe, button > isindex, label > label, form > form { border: 5px solid lime !important }

11. Highlight Deprecated Classes From Old Version Of Website

    I found this area of CSS Diagnostics especially helpful during my last site re-design. When I re-designed my site, I threw out all my old CSS and started from scratch. What resulted was a lot of left over classes in my markup that was non existent in my external stylesheet. This is a great way to call out those "old" classes that aren't being used anymore.

    .toolbg, .ulnone, span.b, ul.list, .eleven, .lines, .wide, .select, table.form, form td.b, table .top, .gallerypic, .iegallery, .pic, .image, .transparent, .wht, .blk, .blue, .dkgray, .ltgray, .brown, .quote, .greyhover { border: 5px groove red !important; }

12. Highlight Deprecated JavaScript Functions From Old Version Of Website

    The same can be applied to old JavaScript functions. I found numerous references to old function calls so I devised a way to highlight deprecated JavaScript functions.

    input[onfocus*="normal1px()"], input[onfocus*="change1px()"] { border: 5px dashed red !important; }

13. Highlight Known 404 Page Links

    Another problem I ran across during my redesign was deleted web pages. I devised a way of highlight known 404 pages using CSS. You can substitute the URLs I have below with you own known 404 pages. A great way to determine 404 pages is to look at your server log files or to use Google Webmaster Tools.

    a[href*="/designs/web/web1/"], a[href*="/designs/web/web2/"], a[href*="/designs/web/web3/"], a[href*="/designs/aitp/aitp-fvtc/"], a[href*="/designs/aitp/aitp/"], a[href*="/forms/contact.asp"], a[href*="/forms/email.asp"] { border: 5px double red !important; }

Putting It All Together:

/* Empty Attributes */ img[alt=""], area[alt=""], *[class=""], a[href=""], a[href="#"], *[id=""], *[title=""] { border: 5px dotted yellow !important; } /* Proposed Deprecation Due To CSS */ body[background], table[background], td[background], th[background], input[border], table[border], table[cellpadding], table[cellspacing], object[codebase], img[height], object[height], table[height], a[name], form[name], img[name], object[name], a[target], area[target], td[valign], th[valign], img[width], object[width], table[width] { border: 5px dotted orange !important; } /* W3C HTML 4 Strict Deprecated Attributes - http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/index/attributes.html */ applet[align], caption[align], div[align], h1[align], h2[align], h3[align], h4[align], h5[align], h6[align], hr[align], iframe[align], img[align], input[align], legend[align], object[align], p[align], table[align], body[alink], applet[alt], applet[archive], body[background], body[bgcolor], td[bgcolor], tr[bgcolor], table[bgcolor], img[border], object[border], br[clear], applet[code], applet[codebase], basefont[color], font[color], dir[compact], dl[compact], menu[compact], ol[compact], ul[compact], basefont[face], font[face], applet[height], td[height], th[height], applet[hspace], img[hspace], object[hspace], script[language], body[link], applet[name], hr[noshade], td[nowrap], th[nowrap], applet[object], isindex[prompt], hr[size], font[size], basefont[size], ol[start], body[text], li[type], ol[type], ul[type], html[version], body[vlink], li[value], applet[vspace], img[vspace], object[vspace], hr[width], td[width], th[width], applet[width], pre[width] { border: 5px dotted red !important; } /* Non W3C Proprietary HTML Attributes - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-standard_HTML_tags#Proprietary_HTML_attributes */ body[bgproperties], *[bordercolor], *[bordercolordark], *[bordercolorlight], body[topmargin], body[rightmargin], body[bottommargin], body[leftmargin], table[frame] { border: 5px dotted magenta !important; } /* Empty Elements */ /*span:empty,*/ /*div:empty,*/ li:empty, /*p:empty,*/ td:empty, th:empty { border: 5px solid yellow !important; } /* Proposed Deprecated Elements */ input[type="button"], input[type="reset"], input[type="submit"], tt, big, small { border: 5px solid orange !important; } /* W3C HTML 4 Strict Deprecated Elements - http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/index/elements.html */ applet, basefont, center, dir, font, isindex, menu, s, strike, u, listing, plaintext, xmp { border: 5px solid red !important; } /* Non W3C Proprietary HTML Elements - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-standard_HTML_tags */ audioscope, bgsound, blink, bq, comment, embed, fn, ilayer, /*image,*/ keygen, layer, limittext, marquee, multicol, nobr, noembed, nolayer, nosmartquotes, rt, ruby, server, sidebar, spacer, wbr, xml, blackface, shadow { border: 5px solid magenta !important } /* XHTML 1.0 Strict Deprecated Attributes - http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/#h-4.10 - http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/changes.html#a_changes */ a[name], applet[name], form[name], frame[name], iframe[name], img[name], map[name] { border: 5px dotted lime !important } /* XHTML 1.0 Strict Prohibitions http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/#prohibitions */ a > a, pre > img, pre > object, pre > big, pre > small, pre > sub, pre > sup, button > input, button > select, button > textarea, button > label, button > button, button > form, button > fieldset, button > iframe, button > isindex, label > label, form > form { border: 5px solid lime !important } /* Deprecated Classes From Old Website */ .toolbg, .ulnone, span.b, ul.list, .eleven, .lines, .wide, .select, table.form, form td.b, table .top, .gallerypic, .iegallery, .pic, .image, .transparent, .wht, .blk, .blue, .dkgray, .ltgray, .brown, .quote, .greyhover { border: 5px groove red !important; } /* Dreprecated JavaScript From Old Website */ input[onfocus*="normal1px()"], input[onfocus*="change1px()"] { border: 5px dashed red !important; } /* 404 Pages */ a[href*="/designs/web/web1/"], a[href*="/designs/web/web2/"], a[href*="/designs/web/web3/"], a[href*="/designs/aitp/aitp-fvtc/"], a[href*="/designs/aitp/aitp/"], a[href*="/forms/contact.asp"], a[href*="/forms/email.asp"] { border: 5px double red !important; }

Summary:

It is best to use different colors and borders to apply meaning to what error you have made in your code. I like to use yellow for minor, orange for moderate, red for severe, and magenta for extremely severe.

I also like to apply different border styles depending on what the problem may be. Dotted for me means there is a bad attribute, solid means there is a bad element. Other border styles have their own meanings as well.

Considerations:

Make sure to place this at the end of your stylesheet and to leave in the !important rules so that they override any rules that may be inline.

It is also best to use a standards compliant browser when testing. IE7 is ok but I would personally suggest Firefox 3 because it supports standards better and because it has other add-ons that make web development easier and diagnostic testing easier.

Download:

I've set up a Google Code Project so feel free to download it.